Spur-winged Goose

The Spur-winged Goose is among the largest waterfowl species on Earth, a bulky, powerful bird found across wetlands and floodplains of sub-Saharan Africa. Its imposing size and bold black-and-white plumage make it a conspicuous presence wherever suitable water and grassland habitat occur together.

The species gets its name from a sharp bony spur at the bend of each wing, a feature used in territorial disputes and defense, distinguishing it from true geese.

• Upperparts are glossy black with iridescent green and purple sheens visible in good light
• Underparts are largely white, contrasting sharply with the dark upperparts and neck
• Face has bare, warty red skin around the bill and eyes, more extensive in males
• Wings are broad and dark, with a hidden bony spur at the carpal joint (wing bend) that is not visible in feather examination but is a key anatomical feature
• Size alone helps distinguish this species from most other African waterfowl, being notably larger and bulkier than typical ducks and geese

Adults show glossy black-green upperparts and white underparts year-round, with males generally larger and showing more extensive bare red facial skin than females. Juveniles are duller and browner overall, with less glossy upperparts and less bare facial skin, gradually acquiring the adult pattern. There is no pronounced seasonal plumage change beyond typical wear and molt.

Spur-winged Geese inhabit wetlands, rivers, floodplains, and adjacent grasslands across sub-Saharan Africa, favoring areas with both open water and grazing land nearby. The species is largely resident but can be locally nomadic, moving in response to seasonal flooding and water availability.

This species grazes on grasses and aquatic vegetation, often foraging in flocks on floodplains and pastures near water. Nests are built on the ground, typically well hidden in grass or reeds near water. Spur-winged Geese are generally quiet compared to many waterfowl, giving low grunting or wheezing calls, and can be aggressive in defense of territory using the wing spurs.