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Ruffed Grouse
Tail feather (rectrix)

Ruffed Grouse

Kingdom: Animalia > Phylum: Chordata > Class: Aves > Order: Galliformes > Family: Phasianidae > Genus: Bonasa > Species: Bonasa umbellus

Family: Phasianidae (Pheasants, Grouse, and Allies)

Shape
Broad, fan-shaped tail feathers with a squared or slightly rounded tip, symmetrical to nearly symmetrical structure.
Size
Approximately 12-16 cm (5-6.5 inches) in length, broad fan width typical for grouse rectrices.
Rarity
Common throughout suitable forested habitat within its native range.
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Description

The Ruffed Grouse is a medium-sized gamebird famous for its dramatic courtship display where males 'drum' their wings to create a thumping sound and flare their wide tail fans showing prominent subterminal bands.

Colour & Pattern

Off-white to light buff base color with fine brown stippling/freckling throughout the midsection, bordered by a dark dark brown/black subterminal band and a bright white tip.

Barb Structure

Pennaceous vane through upper two-thirds; fluffy plumulaceous down structure at the basal calamus region.

Texture & Surface

Smooth, firm pennaceous vane with soft downy base; matte finish typical of terrestrial gamebirds.

Key Features

Bold dark subterminal band with a clean white tip, fine speckled patterning along lower vane, and fluffy basal down.

Habitat

Deciduous and mixed hardwood forests, early successional forests with dense understory growth, aspen stands, and forest edges.

Geographic Range

Widespread across northern North America, including Canada, Alaska, the northern United States, and south down the Appalachian Mountains.

Ecological Role

Key herbivore and seed disperser in early successional forest ecosystems; serves as important prey for raptors like the Northern Goshawk.

Similar Species

Spruce Grouse (darker overall, lacking clean white tips), Wild Turkey (much larger, darker base feathering), Ring-necked Pheasant (longer, pointed tail feathers).

Interesting Facts

Male Ruffed Grouse produce their famous 'drumming' noise not by striking a log, but by rapidly beating their wings to create a vacuum effect in the air.

Condition Notes

Feathers appear mounted into a decorative leather craft item; light fraying along edges, moderate wear, down intact near base. Condition: Good.