Common Starling (European Starling)

The European Starling is a medium-sized passerine with dark, iridescent plumage that shines with metallic purples and greens. In fresh winter plumage, the body feathers are heavily spangled with white or buff spots. They are gregarious, highly vocal birds known for complex mimicry and massive, swirling flocks called murmurations.

Dark metallic purple and green iridescence overall, featuring distinct pale buff or white triangular tips (spangles) characteristic of fresh non-breeding plumage

Pennaceous upper portion with tightly interlocked barbs and barbicels, transitioning to a slightly plumulaceous base with a small afterfeather

Smooth, glossy, and satin-like texture with high iridescence due to microscopic structural modifications in the feather barbs

Distinctive metallic purple-green gloss combined with prominent pale triangular tips on a broad, rounded contour feather

Highly adaptable, found in urban areas, agricultural fields, grasslands, open woodlands, and suburban lawns

Native to Europe and western Asia, introduced globally and now found extensively across North America, southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand

Acts as an insectivore consuming agricultural pests, but can also become an invasive pest competing aggressively with native cavity-nesting species

Other blackbird species such as the Common Grackle or Red-winged Blackbird, though grackles feature larger feathers with oil-slick iridescence and lack the distinct pale triangular spangles

Starlings are master mimics capable of imitating other bird species, human speech, and mechanical sounds. They form enormous, synchronized aerial flocks called murmurations containing thousands or even millions of individuals.

Good condition with intact barbs and minimal wear, showing fresh spangling indicative of a recent molt