
Red-tailed Hawk (also known as the Hen Hawk or Chicken Hawk)
Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Aves, Order: Accipitriformes, Family: Accipitridae, Genus: Buteo, Species: Buteo jamaicensis
Family: Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles, and Kites)
- Shape
- Symmetrical vane with a broadly rounded tip and soft, rounded contour outline
- Size
- Approximately 4 to 5 inches long, consistent with a large body contour feather for this species
- Rarity
- Very Common
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Description
The Red-tailed Hawk is a robust, heavy-set bird of prey with broad wings and a short, wide tail. Adults typically feature a distinctive rust-red tail. They are masterful soarers, often seen circling lazily over open fields or perched on roadside poles scanning the ground for small mammals.
Colour & Pattern
Predominantly white to pale buff base with characteristic rich brown spotting and barring along the distal edges. The rachis transitions from white at the base to a warm brownish-orange tint.
Barb Structure
Pennaceous at the upper tip with a fluffy, plumulaceous base containing a well-developed afterfeather (aftershaft). Barbs are intact with standard hooklets near the apex.
Texture & Surface
Soft and silky at the base with a firmer, smooth texture toward the rounded tip. Matte finish with no gloss or iridescence.
Key Features
Distinctive brown spotting on a white/buff background with a fluffy plumulaceous base and a prominent afterfeather, characteristic of larger Buteo body plumage.
Habitat
Extremely adaptable, inhabiting deserts, scrublands, urban areas, mountainous regions, coniferous and deciduous forests, and agricultural fields.
Geographic Range
Widespread throughout North America, ranging from Alaska and northern Canada down through Central America and the Caribbean.
Ecological Role
Acts as a top apex avian predator helping to regulate rodent and small mammal populations, serving as an important ecological health indicator.
Similar Species
Rough-legged Hawk and Ferruginous Hawk, though their body feathers often differ in fine patterning, foot feathering presence, or background coloration.
Interesting Facts
Red-tailed Hawks have incredible vision, capable of spotting a mouse from a height of 100 feet. They are also the most common hawk used in North American falconry.
Condition Notes
Good condition with minor wear at the extreme tip. No visible fault bars or parasitic damage; cleanly molted.