
Red-tailed Hawk (Red-tail)
Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Aves, Order: Accipitriformes, Family: Accipitridae, Genus: Buteo, Species: B. jamaicensis
Family: Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles, and Kites)
- Shape
- Symmetrical to slightly asymmetrical broad oval outline with a rounded tip
- Size
- Approximately 4 to 6 inches long and 2.5 inches wide, consistent with a large body or covert feather of a medium-to-large raptor
- Rarity
- Very Common, one of the most widely distributed and frequently encountered hawks across the North American continent
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Description
A stout, soaring raptor with broad wings and a short, wide tail. Adults typically feature a brick-red tail contrasting with pale underparts, while juveniles are brown-streaked with banded tails. They are masterful soarers often seen perching on roadside poles or circling high overhead
Colour & Pattern
Rich earthy brown background prominently mottled and barred with white, cream, and tawny spots, featuring a pale cream-colored rachis transitioning to brownish near the tip
Barb Structure
Pennaceous at the upper distal tip with tightly interlocked barbules, transitioning to a plumulaceous (fluffy downy) structure at the proximal base with an afterfeather
Texture & Surface
Smooth and firm at the upper pennaceous vane with a matte finish, becoming exceptionally soft, silky, and loose-webbed toward the fluffy proximal base
Key Features
Distinctive warm brown and white mottled patterning with alternating bars of rufous/brown and pale cream spots, characteristic of eastern or western morph Red-tailed Hawk body plumage
Habitat
Incredibly adaptable, found in deserts, scrublands, urban areas, grasslands, agricultural fields, coniferous and deciduous forests, from sea level to mountainous elevations
Geographic Range
Widespread across North America, ranging from Alaska and northern Canada down through the United States, Mexico, and into Central America and the Caribbean
Ecological Role
Serves as an apex avian predator regulating small mammal populations such as voles, mice, and rabbits, acting as a crucial ecological indicator of healthy grassland and edge habitats
Similar Species
Swainson's Hawk, Ferruginous Hawk, and Rough-legged Hawk feathers can appear similar, but are distinguished by specific barring widths, coloration tones, and geographic distributions
Interesting Facts
The Red-tailed Hawk's iconic piercing scream is frequently used in Hollywood films to sound like any eagle or hawk, regardless of which bird is actually shown on screen
Condition Notes
Good condition with minor natural wear along the edges and a small split in the vane, intact structure with clean barbs and no obvious parasitic damage