
Red-tailed Hawk (Red-tail)
Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Aves, Order: Accipitriformes, Family: Accipitridae, Genus: Buteo, Species: B. jamaicensis
Family: Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles, and Kites)
- Shape
- Symmetrical vane, broadly rounded tip, elongated oblong outline with parallel-sided vanes
- Size
- Approximately 9 to 11 inches long, typical for an adult Red-tailed Hawk tail feather; conforms well to the standard size range for adult rectrices in this species.
- Rarity
- Very Common
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Description
The Red-tailed Hawk is a large, bulky raptor with broad, rounded wings and a short, wide tail. Adults are instantly recognizable by their signature brick-red tail, pale chest with a streaked belly band, and dark patagial marks on the leading edge of the underwing. They are soaring hunters, frequently spotted circling high over open fields or perched atop roadside utility poles scanning for small mammals.
Colour & Pattern
Rich cinnamon-red to rufous coloration across the upper surface, featuring a distinct narrow subterminal black band near the rounded tip, tipped with a pale white or buff margin; the ventral side is paler, showing a muted pinkish-grey cast; the central rachis is pale cream to white.
Barb Structure
Tightly interlocked pennaceous structure along most of the vane with strong barbicels, transitioning to a slightly plumulaceous, fluffy base near the calamus; intact and healthy with no visible fraying.
Texture & Surface
Smooth, firm, and matte in appearance; the vane is stiff and wind-resistant with tight interlocking barbs, showing no powdery bloom or oily residue.
Key Features
Rich cinnamon-rufous red coloration, a distinct narrow dark subterminal band near the tip, pale terminal fringe, and a robust symmetrical tail feather structure.
Habitat
Adaptable and versatile, found across a wide range of open country habitats including deserts, scrublands, urban areas, agricultural fields, grasslands, and deciduous or coniferous forests.
Geographic Range
Widespread throughout the Americas, breeding from central Alaska and Canada down through all of the United States, Mexico, and into Central America and the West Indies.
Ecological Role
As apex avian predators, Red-tailed Hawks play a vital role in regulating rodent and small mammal populations, serving as a key ecological indicator of healthy open-country ecosystems.
Similar Species
Ferruginous Hawk (can have reddish tails but usually paler with more white), Cooper's Hawk (longer, banded tail with multiple dark stripes, much smaller size), and Swainson's Hawk (greyish-brown tail with several dark bands).
Interesting Facts
Red-tailed Hawks have incredible eyesight, allowing them to spot a mouse from 100 feet in the air. Their soaring cry—a harsh, descending scream—is frequently used in Hollywood films to represent any soaring raptor, regardless of the bird shown.
Condition Notes
Excellent condition with minimal wear, clean vane edges, vibrant coloration, and no signs of fading, structural damage, or parasite activity.