
Mourning Dove
Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Aves, Order: Columbiformes, Family: Columbidae, Genus: Zenaida, Species: Zenaida macroura
Family: Columbidae (Pigeons and Doves)
- Shape
- Highly asymmetrical with a narrow outer vane and a broad inner vane; the tip is slightly pointed and curved inward.
- Size
- Approximately 5 to 6 inches (12-15 cm) in length, which is standard for the outermost primaries of an adult Mourning Dove.
- Rarity
- Very Common; one of the most abundant and widespread birds in North America.
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Description
A sleek, slender dove with a long, pointed tail. The Mourning Dove is known for its mournful 'coo-ah, coo, coo, coo' call and the distinctive whistling sound its wings make during takeoff. They have a delicate pinkish-beige breast and gray wings spotted with black.
Colour & Pattern
Uniformly slaty-gray to brownish-gray; the outer vane is darker (charcoal) while the inner vane transitions to a lighter silver-gray. There are no bold bands or spots, which is diagnostic.
Barb Structure
Densely interlocked pennaceous barbs providing a stiff, aerodynamic surface; plumulaceous (downy) barbs are present only at the very base of the calamus.
Texture & Surface
Smooth and velvety to the touch with a matte finish; the leading edge is very stiff to resist air pressure during the characteristic whistling takeoff.
Key Features
Distinguished by its uniform gray coloration, extreme asymmetry of the vanes, and the lack of white tipping or bold bars seen in other dove species.
Habitat
Extremely versatile; found in open woodlands, agricultural fields, grasslands, suburban gardens, and urban parks.
Geographic Range
Year-round resident across most of North America, from Southern Canada to Central Mexico. Northernmost populations migrate south for winter.
Ecological Role
Primarily a seed eater (granivore); they play a role in seed dispersal but are mostly known as a vital prey base for raptors like Cooper's Hawks.
Similar Species
Eurasian Collared-Dove (larger, lighter gray), White-winged Dove (has a bold white wing patch), Rock Pigeon (larger, broader feathers).
Interesting Facts
Mourning Doves can fly at speeds up to 55 mph. They are also known for 'pigeon milk,' a nutrient-rich secretion from their crops used to feed their young (squabs).
Condition Notes
Excellent condition; the vanes are intact without significant fraying or fault bars, suggesting a healthy bird and a recently molted feather.