
Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)
Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Aves, Order: Accipitriformes, Family: Accipitridae, Genus: Buteo, Species: B. jamaicensis
Family: Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles, and Kites)
- Shape
- Symmetrical to slightly asymmetrical vane, rounded tip, broad outline with distinct barred markings
- Size
- Estimated between 8 to 10 inches long, consistent with a medium-to-large Buteo secondary flight feather
- Rarity
- Very Common and widespread across its natural range
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Description
The Red-tailed Hawk is a robust raptor with broad wings and a short, wide tail. Adults typically feature a rich brown upperpart, pale underparts with a streaked belly band, and the signature rust-red tail. They are powerful soaring birds often seen circling open fields or perched on roadside poles.
Colour & Pattern
Rich brown background with distinct white and cream-colored chevron or transverse barring across both vanes; rachis is light brown to whitish
Barb Structure
Tightly interlocked pennaceous structure with strong barbs and well-developed hooklets; no afterfeather present; barbs are intact and well-conditioned
Texture & Surface
Stiff, smooth, and matte texture with strong rigid vanes designed for aerodynamic flight performance
Key Features
Distinctive alternating brown and white/cream bars across a broad pennaceous vane with a sturdy, light-colored rachis
Habitat
Extremely adaptable, found in deserts, scrublands, coniferous and deciduous forests, urban areas, agricultural fields, and grasslands
Geographic Range
Widespread throughout North America, ranging from western Alaska and northern Canada down through Central America and the Caribbean
Ecological Role
Acts as an apex avian predator helping control populations of small mammals, rodents, and reptiles, maintaining healthy ecosystem balances
Similar Species
Swainson's Hawk and Ferruginous Hawk, distinguishable by finer barring details, overall size, and specific regional coloration
Interesting Facts
Red-tailed Hawks have exceptional eyesight, capable of spotting a mouse from a height of 100 feet. Their iconic piercing scream is frequently used in Hollywood films to represent any soaring raptor or eagle.
Condition Notes
Good condition, fresh appearance with intact barbs and minimal fraying or wear