
Bald Eagle (American Eagle)
Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Aves, Order: Accipitriformes, Family: Accipitridae, Genus: Haliaeetus, Species: Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Family: Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles, and Kites)
- Shape
- Slightly asymmetrical vane with a rounded to slightly blunt tip, typical of an inner flight or body covert feather, showing smooth leading and trailing edge profiles.
- Size
- Approximately 10 to 12 inches long and 2 to 3 inches wide at its broadest point. This matches the standard size for secondary flight feathers or large wing coverts of a mature Bald Eagle.
- Rarity
- Common within suitable aquatic habitats across North America, having made a remarkable recovery from endangered status.
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Description
The Bald Eagle is North America's iconic raptor, instantly recognizable in adulthood by its striking white head and tail contrasting with a dark brown body and bright yellow bill and feet. This magnificent bird is a powerful apex predator, utilizing soaring flight and keen eyesight to spot prey from high above or from high perch sites.
Colour & Pattern
Bicolored feather with a sharp transition: the distal (upper) portion is dark chocolate-brown to blackish-brown, while the proximal (lower) portion is brilliant, pristine white. The rachis is pale cream-white at the base and darkens through the brown zone.
Barb Structure
Strongly pennaceous through the upper pigmented portion with tightly interlocked barbs and functional barbicels; lower basal portion transitions into a semiplume or downy structure with loose, uncoupled barbs. Intact condition with slight fraying at the base.
Texture & Surface
Smooth, firm, and stiff in the pennaceous dark section, providing aerodynamic rigidity; soft and plumulaceous at the white base where insulation is needed. Matte finish with no iridescence.
Key Features
The definitive bicolored pattern—a stark, clean separation between dark chocolate-brown and brilliant white on a large, robust feather—is characteristic of adult Bald Eagle plumage in specific wing tracts.
Habitat
Found near large bodies of open water—such as lakes, reservoirs, rivers, coasts, and marshes—with an abundant food supply (primarily fish) and old-growth trees for nesting and perching.
Geographic Range
North America, ranging from Alaska and Canada down through the contiguous United States to northern Mexico. Most populations are permanent residents or partial migrants depending on winter freezing.
Ecological Role
As an apex avian predator, the Bald Eagle helps maintain healthy fish and small mammal populations by removing sick or weakened individuals. Historically served as a critical ecological indicator for environmental toxins like DDT.
Similar Species
Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), whose feathers are uniformly dark brown or golden-brown without stark white bases, and Osprey (Pandion haliaetus), which has smaller, heavily barred or speckled black-and-white underwing feathers.
Interesting Facts
Bald Eagles build the largest tree nests recorded for any animal species, some used and added to for decades, eventually weighing up to several tons. Their eyesight is estimated to be 4 to 5 times sharper than a human's.
Condition Notes
Good condition. The feather structure is largely intact with minimal wear, no major fraying along the vanes, and clean separation between color zones. Grade: Good.