Bald Eagle
Kingdom: Animalia; Phylum: Chordata; Class: Aves; Order: Accipitriformes; Family: Accipitridae; Genus: Haliaeetus; Species: Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Family: Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles, and Allies)
- Shape
- Highly asymmetrical with a significant notch (emargination) on the leading edge (outer vane) to reduce turbulence and increase lift; tapered and pointed tip.
- Size
- Approximately 18.5 inches (47 cm) in total length as shown against the measuring tape. This is a massive feather, consistent with a large adult female Bald Eagle which can have primaries reaching up to 19-20 inches.
- Rarity
- Common (Widespread and increasing in population across much of its range since the 1970s).
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Description
This is a primary flight feather from the iconic national bird of the United States. Bald Eagles are massive raptors with a wingspan of 6 to 7.5 feet. This dark, stiff feather provides the necessary surface area for soaring on thermals and the powerful wingbeats used to lift heavy prey from the water.
Colour & Pattern
Uniformly dark chocolate brown to blackish-brown. The coloring indicates an adult bird (at least 5 years old). The dorsal surface is darker and more matte, while the ventral surface (underside) may show a slight silver-grey sheen.
Barb Structure
Tightly interlocked pennaceous barbs for aerodynamic integrity; the base shows a small amount of plumulaceous (downy) structure near the superior umbilicus. Condition is relatively intact but shows some use-related wear.
Texture & Surface
Extremely stiff and rigid rachis with a smooth, matte vane surface. The feather feels waxy and durable, designed to withstand the massive air pressure of eagle flight.
Key Features
Immense size (over 18 inches), dark brown coloration, extreme asymmetry of the vanes, and a prominent emargination on the outer vane.
Habitat
Coastal areas, large lakes, and major rivers with abundant fish and tall old-growth trees for nesting and roosting.
Geographic Range
Common throughout North America, from Alaska and Canada down to northern Mexico. Many populations are residents, while northern ones migrate to ice-free waters in winter.
Ecological Role
Apex predator and scavenger. They play a vital role in cleaning up carrion and regulating fish and waterfowl populations.
Similar Species
Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) primaries are similar but often show more mottling/white at the base in sub-adults and are generally more golden-brown. Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) feathers are smaller and much more silver-grey on the underside.
Interesting Facts
Bald Eagles can reach speeds of 75-100 mph during a dive. Their nests, called aeries, are the largest of any North American bird and can weigh up to a ton.
Condition Notes
Good condition. The rachis is intact and the barbs are largely zipped, though there is some fraying at the tip and along the trailing edge consistent with a naturally molted feather.