
Red-tailed Hawk (Red-tail)
Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Aves, Order: Accipitriformes, Family: Accipitridae, Genus: Buteo, Species: B. jamaicensis
Family: Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles, and Kites)
- Shape
- Slightly asymmetrical vane, rounded tip, with a broad outline well-suited for soaring flight.
- Size
- Approximately 10 to 12 inches long, consistent with a medium-to-large raptor wing feather. Typical flight feathers for this species range from 9 to 14 inches.
- Rarity
- Very Common
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Description
The Red-tailed Hawk is a robust, heavy-set raptor with broad, rounded wings and a short, wide tail. Adults typically feature a rich brown back, pale underparts with a streaked belly band, and the signature brick-red tail. They are masters of soaring, frequently spotted circling lazily over open fields or perched prominently on roadside utility poles.
Colour & Pattern
Rich chocolate brown upper surface with subtle, darker brownish-black dark banding visible towards the tip, contrasting with a lighter grayish-white underside and a stout pale straw-colored rachis.
Barb Structure
Tightly interlocked pennaceous barbs on the vane with strong barbicels, and a small patch of semiplume/downy barbs at the base of the calamus.
Texture & Surface
Stiff, smooth, and matte finish with firm, interlocking vanes that resist wind pressure during flight.
Key Features
Rich brown upper vane, broad rounded tip, stout pale rachis, and subtle dark subterminal banding characteristic of Buteo wing feathers.
Habitat
Extremely adaptable, found in deserts, scrublands, urban areas, lush woodlands, agricultural fields, and high mountain grasslands.
Geographic Range
Widespread throughout North America, ranging from Alaska and northern Canada down through Central America and the Caribbean.
Ecological Role
As apex avian predators, Red-tailed Hawks play a crucial role in regulating populations of small rodents, rabbits, and other small mammals, serving as vital indicators of ecosystem health.
Similar Species
Swainson's Hawk, Ferruginous Hawk, and Rough-legged Hawk. Distinguished by specific barring patterns, size, and geographic context.
Interesting Facts
Red-tailed Hawks have exceptional eyesight, capable of spotting a mouse from a height of 100 feet. Their iconic piercing scream is frequently used in Hollywood films to sound like any soaring eagle or hawk, regardless of whether a Red-tail is actually on screen.
Condition Notes
Good condition. The vane is intact with minimal fraying, clean barbs, and no visible fault bars or sun bleaching.