
Red-tailed Hawk (also known as the Hen Harrier, Buzzard, or Red-tail)
Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Aves, Order: Accipitriformes, Family: Accipitridae, Genus: Buteo, Species: B. jamaicensis
Family: Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles, and Kites)
- Shape
- Symmetrical vane with a broadly rounded tip and a fluffy, plumulaceous base typical of insulating contour feathers.
- Size
- Approximately 3 to 4 inches long, characteristic of a medium-to-large body contour feather from a large raptor.
- Rarity
- Very Common and widespread throughout its natural geographic range.
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Description
The Red-tailed Hawk is a powerful and adaptable raptor with broad, rounded wings and a short, wide tail. Adults typically feature a rich brown back and pale underparts with a streaked belly band and the characteristic brick-red tail. They are soaring hunters, frequently spotted perched on roadside poles or circling gracefully overhead in search of small mammals.
Colour & Pattern
Distinctive alternating bands of warm reddish-brown and white across the distal pennaceous portion, set against a white and greyish downy base.
Barb Structure
Pennaceous at the distal tip with tightly interlocked barbs and barbicels, transitioning into a loose, plumulaceous, and fluffy structure toward the proximal base.
Texture & Surface
Soft and silky at the base due to downy barbs, becoming smooth and slightly stiff at the patterned distal tip.
Key Features
Striking reddish-brown and white transverse banding on the pennaceous tip combined with a fluffy, white basal downy section.
Habitat
Found in a wide variety of open habitats, including deserts, scrublands, grasslands, agricultural fields, urban areas, and deciduous or coniferous forests.
Geographic Range
Widely distributed throughout North America, ranging from Alaska and northern Canada down through Central America and the Caribbean.
Ecological Role
Acts as an apex avian predator regulating populations of rodents and small mammals, serving as a key ecological indicator of ecosystem health.
Similar Species
Cooper's Hawk or Sharp-shinned Hawk, though their body feathers generally feature narrower grey or dark brown barring rather than the warm reddish-brown tones.
Interesting Facts
Red-tailed Hawks have exceptional eyesight, capable of spotting a mouse from a height of 100 feet. Their iconic piercing scream is frequently used in Hollywood films to sound like any soaring eagle or hawk.
Condition Notes
Good overall condition with intact barbs at the tip and some natural fluffing at the base, showing minor wear typical of a naturally molted feather.