
Red-tailed Hawk
Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Aves, Order: Accipitriformes, Family: Accipitride, Genus: Buteo, Species: Buteo jamaicensis
Family: Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles, and Kites)
- Shape
- Symmetrical, broad, and rounded; typical of body plumage used for insulation and streamlining.
- Size
- Estimated 2.5 to 3.5 inches in length. This is consistent with a larger contour feather from the upper tail coverts or lower rump of an adult bird.
- Rarity
- Very Common; one of the most widely distributed and frequently seen raptors in North America.
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Description
This feather represents the iconic 'red tail' character of an adult Buteo jamaicensis. The bird itself is a large, stocky hawk with broad, rounded wings and a short, wide tail. Adults are distinguished by their chocolate-brown backs and the brick-red upper surface of the tail.
Colour & Pattern
Distinctive bi-colored transition: the base is a muted brownish-gray, transitioning into a rich, saturated rufous or 'cinnamon' red toward the tip. The rachis is pale at the base and darkens to match the rufous vane.
Barb Structure
The distal (top) half is pennaceous and semi-interlocked, while the proximal (base) half is highly plumulaceous (downy) for thermal insulation.
Texture & Surface
The downy section is extremely soft and airy; the rufous tip has a smooth, matte finish that is soft to the touch.
Key Features
Transition from gray down to a vibrant rufous tip; symmetrical shape; soft but structured pennaceous edge.
Habitat
Extremely versatile: found in open woodlands, agricultural fields, grasslands, deserts, and increasingly in urban and suburban environments.
Geographic Range
Common throughout North America, from central Alaska and Canada south through Mexico and Central America; semi-migratory in northernmost reaches.
Ecological Role
Apex predator; plays a vital role in controlling rodent and rabbit populations. They are key indicators of ecosystem health due to their position in the food chain.
Similar Species
Red-shouldered Hawk feathers (more barred/banded), Ferruginous Hawk (typically lighter or more mottled), or Great Horned Owl (different texture and lack of rufous saturation).
Interesting Facts
The 'screech' of a Red-tailed Hawk is so iconic and piercing that it is almost always used in Hollywood movies to represent the sound of any eagle or hawk, regardless of the species on screen.
Condition Notes
Good condition; minor fraying at the tip suggests it was a naturally molted feather rather than one lost to trauma. No visible fault bars.