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Wild Turkey (Eastern Wild Turkey)
Tail feather (retrix), central or near-central position

Wild Turkey (Eastern Wild Turkey)

Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Aves, Order: Galliformes, Family: Phasianidae, Genus: Meleagris, Species: M. gallopavo

Family: Phasianidae (Pheasants, Grouse, Turkeys, and Allies)

Shape
Symmetrical vane, slightly rounded to squared tip, broad and elongated outline with uniform width along the central portion.
Size
Approximately 12 to 15 inches long, consistent with an adult tail feather. Tail feathers for this species typically range from 10 to 15 inches depending on sex and age.
Rarity
Very Common
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Description

The Wild Turkey is a large, ground-dwelling bird known for its iconic fan-shaped tail, iridescent bronze body plumage, bare blue-and-red head, and distinct beard-like chest feathers in males. They are powerful runners and capable, though short-distance, fliers.

Colour & Pattern

Striking pattern of alternating black and brown transverse bars (buff and chestnut brown) across a greyish-brown background, culminating in a distinct subterminal black band and a pale buff or whitish tip.

Barb Structure

Tightly interlocked (pennaceous) along the main vane with strong barbicels, small plumulaceous base near the follicle attachment, condition is intact and sturdy.

Texture & Surface

Stiff, smooth, and matte finish with a rigid vane designed to act as a rudder during flight and display during courtship.

Key Features

Bold black and brown transverse barring across a wide, stiff vane, ending in a prominent subterminal black band and pale tip, characteristic of a central tail feather.

Habitat

Mixed hardwood and pine forests with scattered clearings, agricultural fields, swamps, and mature woodlands providing open understories and roosting trees.

Geographic Range

Native and widely distributed across North America, ranging from wooded areas of southern Canada through the United States down to central Mexico.

Ecological Role

Serves as an important seed disperser, insect predator, and a key prey item for large mammalian and avian predators, acting as an indicator of healthy forest and grassland ecosystems.

Similar Species

Other large gallinaceous birds such as the Ocellated Turkey (Meleagris ocellata) or large grouse, though the distinct color banding and size easily distinguish the Wild Turkey.

Interesting Facts

Wild Turkeys can run at speeds up to 25 mph and fly up to 55 mph for short bursts. Benjamin Franklin famously praised the turkey, though he never formally proposed it as the national bird.

Condition Notes

Good condition with intact barbs, minor natural wear at the very tip, no significant fading or structural damage.