
Red-tailed Hawk (Eastern or Western types)
Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Aves, Order: Accipitriformes, Family: Accipitridae, Genus: Buteo, Species: Buteo jamaicensis
Family: Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles, and Allies)
- Shape
- Highly asymmetrical vane with a narrow, stiff leading edge and a wide trailing edge; the tip is somewhat pointed with noticeable emargination (notching) characteristic of Buteo hawks.
- Size
- Estimated 8 to 10 inches (20-25 cm) long; consistent with the primary flight feathers of a medium-to-large raptor.
- Rarity
- Common; the most widespread and frequently seen large hawk in North America.
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Description
A robust raptor with a broad, rounded wing and a trademark cinnamon-red tail (in adults). This feather represents the engine of the bird's flight, providing the thrust and lift needed for its characteristic soaring behavior.
Colour & Pattern
Mottled brown and off-white/cream banding. The dorsal surface shows darker brown bars against a lighter background. The ventral surface (underside) is paler. This specific patterning is typical of juvenile or 'light morph' adults, though juveniles often show more uniform banding on the wings.
Barb Structure
Densely pennaceous throughout the main vane for aerodynamic lift; plumulaceous (downy) barbs are visible at the very base near the calamus (quill).
Texture & Surface
Stiff and smooth to the touch; the pennaceous barbs are tightly zipped to form a wind-resistant surface. The trailing edge feels slightly softer than the rigid leading edge.
Key Features
Bold, irregular transverse banding; significant asymmetry; stiff, light-colored rachis; and the distinctive 'Buteo notch' on the outer vane.
Habitat
Extremely versatile: found in open woodlands, prairies, agricultural fields, deserts, and increasingly in urban and suburban areas with tall trees or buildings for nesting.
Geographic Range
Year-round resident across most of North America, from central Alaska and Canada south to Panama and the West Indies.
Ecological Role
Apex predator primarily feeding on small mammals (rodents, rabbits) and reptiles, helping to regulate prey populations in a wide variety of ecosystems.
Similar Species
Red-shouldered Hawk (smaller, more white-and-black contrast), Ferruginous Hawk (typically lighter/paler), and Cooper's Hawk (shorter, more rounded wing feathers).
Interesting Facts
The 'screech' of the Red-tailed Hawk is so iconic and piercing that Hollywood filmmakers almost always use its recording for the voice of any eagle or hawk on screen, regardless of the actual species shown.
Condition Notes
Good condition, though there is visible separation of the barbs ('zipped' quality is lost in segments) likely due to handling or natural wear. No signs of parasites or severe sun bleaching.