
Red-tailed Hawk (also known as the Hen Harrier, Red hawk, or Buzzard hawk)
Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Aves, Order: Accipitriformes, Family: Accipitridae, Genus: Buteo, Species: B. jamaicensis
Family: Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles, Kites, and Old World Vultures)
- Shape
- Symmetrical to slightly asymmetrical vane with a rounded tip, overall oval-elongated outline
- Size
- Approximately 3 to 4 inches long and 1 inch wide, typical for a medium-to-large body or covert contour feather of a Red-tailed Hawk
- Rarity
- Very Common (abundant and widespread across its native range)
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Description
The Red-tailed Hawk is a powerful raptor with broad wings and a short, wide, characteristically rust-colored tail in adults. They are efficient soaring predators, frequently seen scanning for prey from roadside perches or circling high in the sky. Their plumage is highly variable, ranging from pale morphs to dark morphs, but they generally feature a streaked belly band.
Colour & Pattern
Creamy white base color with distinct dark brown or blackish-brown irregular spots and blotches concentrated near the tip and edges, featuring melanin-based pigmentation
Barb Structure
Pennaceous upper portion with tightly interlocked barbs and barbicels, transitioning to a plumulaceous (fluffy) downy base at the proximal end
Texture & Surface
Smooth, slightly glossy pennaceous tip with a soft, downy base; moderately stiff vane providing aerodynamic and insulation coverage
Key Features
Distinctive large dark brown spots on a pale white background, characteristic of immature or patterned adult body/covert feathers of the Red-tailed Hawk
Habitat
Incredibly adaptable, found in deserts, scrublands, coniferous and deciduous forests, urban areas, agricultural fields, and open grasslands
Geographic Range
Widespread throughout North America, ranging from Alaska and northern Canada down to Central America and the Caribbean
Ecological Role
Apex avian predator that helps regulate populations of small mammals, rodents, and reptiles, maintaining healthy ecosystem balances
Similar Species
Cooper's Hawk, Swainson's Hawk, and Rough-legged Hawk, which can be distinguished by different banding patterns, coloration, and finer structural details
Interesting Facts
Red-tailed Hawks have phenomenal vision, capable of spotting a mouse from a height of 100 feet. They are also the most common hawk used in North American falconry.
Condition Notes
Good condition with minor wear at the extreme tip and some slight fraying at the downy base, overall structurally intact