
Red-tailed Hawk (Buzzard Hawk, Chicken Hawk)
Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Aves, Order: Accipitriformes, Family: Accipitridae, Genus: Buteo, Species: B. jamaicensis
Family: Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles, and Kites)
- Shape
- Symmetrical vane with a gently rounded tip, broad oval outline, and soft, pliable edges
- Size
- Approximately 3 to 4 inches long and 1.5 inches wide, consistent with a large body contour feather from a medium-to-large raptor
- Rarity
- Very Common
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Description
The Red-tailed Hawk is a powerful and robust raptor with broad wings and a short, wide tail. Adults typically feature a rich brown back, pale underparts with a streaked belly band, and the signature bright rust-red tail. They are masterful soarers, often seen circling high in the sky or perched prominently on roadside utility poles scanning for prey.
Colour & Pattern
Warm brown and white horizontal barring with alternating rich earth-toned bands and clean white areas, featuring a whitish base and a darker brown rounded tip
Barb Structure
Pennaceous at the upper tip transitioning into a distinctly plumulaceous (fluffy, down-like) base with untied barbs, featuring a prominent afterfeather (aftershaft)
Texture & Surface
Soft and silky at the base with a slightly firmer, matte texture at the patterned tip; not waterproofed like flight feathers
Key Features
Distinctive warm brown and white horizontal barring, a soft fluffy downy base with a well-developed afterfeather, and a rounded, pale-tipped pennaceous apex
Habitat
Extremely adaptable, found in deserts, scrublands, urban areas, agricultural fields, grasslands, coniferous and deciduous woodlands, and tropical rain forests
Geographic Range
Widespread across North America, breeding from central Alaska and northern Canada down to Panama and the West Indies, residing year-round in most regions
Ecological Role
Acts as an apex avian predator helping to regulate populations of small mammals, rodents, and reptiles, serving as an important ecological indicator of environmental health
Similar Species
Swainson's Hawk or Ferruginous Hawk, which share similar barring patterns but differ in coloration nuances, size, and specific structural proportions
Interesting Facts
Red-tailed Hawks have exceptional eyesight, capable of spotting a mouse from a height of 100 feet. Their iconic piercing scream is frequently used in Hollywood films to sound like any eagle or hawk, regardless of which bird is actually shown on screen
Condition Notes
Good condition with minor fraying along the fluffy lower barbs; the vane structure remains largely intact with no major breaks or severe fading