
Red-tailed Hawk (also known as the Hen Hawk or Red-tail)
Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Aves, Order: Accipitriformes, Family: Accipitridae, Genus: Buteo, Species: B. jamaicensis
Family: Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles, Kites, and Old World Vultures)
- Shape
- Symmetrical vane with a rounded tip, relatively broad and evenly tapered along the margins
- Size
- Approximately 8 to 10 inches long, consistent with a tail feather from an adult Red-tailed Hawk. Typical retrices for this species range from 8 to 11 inches.
- Rarity
- Very Common and widespread, one of the most frequently encountered large raptors in North America.
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Description
The Red-tailed Hawk is a robust, powerful raptor with broad, rounded wings and a short, wide tail. Adults typically feature a distinctive brick-red tail contrasting against pale underparts and a streaked belly band. They are masters of soaring flight, frequently seen circling high above open fields or perching prominently on roadside poles.
Colour & Pattern
Rich rufous-brown to cinnamon background with distinct dark brown or blackish horizontal subterminal bands and a pale tip. The ventral side is slightly paler with diffuse gray-brown banding. The central rachis is whitish to light cream near the base, darkening toward the tip.
Barb Structure
Tightly interlocked pennaceous vane along the upper portion, transitioning into slightly looser, plumulaceous barbs near the base of the shaft. No prominent afterfeather. Barbs are intact with good structural integrity.
Texture & Surface
Smooth, firm, and matte in appearance with a stiff, resilient vane designed to withstand aerodynamic forces during flight and perching.
Key Features
Distinctive horizontal dark brown bars across a rufous-brown or cinnamon background, symmetrical rounded tip, sturdy white rachis, and overall size matching a medium-to-large diurnal raptor.
Habitat
Extremely adaptable, found in deserts, scrublands, urban areas, agricultural fields, grasslands, deciduous and coniferous forests, and tropical rainforests, typically from sea level to high elevations.
Geographic Range
Widespread across North America, ranging from Alaska and northern Canada down through the United States, Mexico, and into parts of Central America and the Caribbean. Mostly year-round resident, with northernmost populations migrating south for winter.
Ecological Role
Acts as a top apex avian predator regulating populations of small mammals, rodents, and reptiles, thereby maintaining balanced local ecosystems.
Similar Species
Cooper's Hawk or Sharp-shinned Hawk (narrower, more graduated tails with more numerous narrow dark bands), or Swainson's Hawk (different regional distribution and subtle color differences).
Interesting Facts
Red-tailed Hawks have exceptional vision, estimated to be about 8 times sharper than a human's, allowing them to spot a mouse from 100 feet in the air. Their iconic scream is frequently used in Hollywood films as a universal sound effect for any soaring eagle or hawk.
Condition Notes
Good condition with minor wear at the extreme tip and slight fraying near the base. Colors remain vibrant with no major fading or structural damage. Grade: Good.